Does the COVID-19 vaccine affect male and female fertility?

Many people have been vaccinated against COVID-19. And since then, many have wondered if it has any effect on male or female fertility. As of November 2025, several health organizations have reported that there is no direct link between the vaccine and infertility. However, some researchers believe that more detailed research is needed to determine the long-term effects.

Fertility is the ability to conceive or conceive naturally. In women, it is the ability to conceive, and in men, it depends on healthy and active sperm. As of November this year, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved five COVID-19 vaccines:

COMINARTY (Pfizer-BioNTech)
Pfizer (Pfizer-BioNTech)
Moderna (Moderna)
SPIKEVAX (SpikeVax)
NUVAXOVID (Nuvaxovid)
Does the COVID-19 vaccine reduce female fertility: After the launch of the COVID-19 vaccine, rumors spread on social media that women can become infertile after receiving the vaccine. However, scientific evidence has not yet supported these claims. The manufacturers of the FDA-approved vaccines Cominarty, Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, SpikeVax and Nuvaxovid have stated that the vaccine does not affect female fertility. Although this information comes from a one-month animal study, the long-term effects on humans are not yet fully known. In addition, several organizations, including the World Health Organization, have emphasized that there is no evidence that the vaccine reduces women's fertility.

The FDA-approved vaccine companies, Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Spikevax and Nuvaxovidor, have stated that the vaccine does not affect women's fertility.
The FDA-approved vaccine companies, Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Spikevax and Nuvaxovidor, have stated that the vaccine does not affect women's fertility.

Some notable study results:

A 2024 global study analyzed data from more than 100 countries from 2019 to 2022 and found that the vaccine had no negative effect on women's fertility. A 2025 study, which included 80 women, also found that the corona vaccine did not affect fertility. On the other hand, a 2022 survey, which included 2,126 women, also found that the vaccine did not have any negative effects. However, some researchers believe that more research should be done on embryo toxicity, genotoxicity, and long-term hormonal effects.

Effect of COVID-19 vaccine on male fertility: Male fertility depends on three main factors. These are sperm count, motility, and quality. Multiple studies have shown that the COVID-19 vaccine does not have any effect on male fertility. These studies show that it is not the vaccine, but rather the COVID-19 infection that can have a short-term effect on male fertility. Studies have shown that sperm count, motility, and quality can decrease for up to 60 days after infection. This is because the virus can cause inflammation in the cells and blood vessels of the testicles. This effect is usually temporary, but treatment should be sought if pregnancy has not occurred for a long time.

Does the COVID-19 vaccine affect fertility treatment: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, many questions have arisen about the vaccine, one of which is its potential effect on fertility treatment. This concern is especially high among couples trying to conceive through in vitro fertilization (IVF) or other ART methods. Below is an explanation based on recent research.

Fertility treatment, or ART, is a treatment method in which the work of eggs and sperm is done outside the body. A 2024 study found no significant difference in egg or sperm quality between vaccinated and unvaccinated people undergoing IVF treatment. A study this year found that the success rate of IVF frozen embryo transfer was slightly lower among those who were vaccinated before ovarian stimulation. However, researchers said that this potential effect may be reduced if the vaccine is taken more than 90 days before ovarian stimulation. Overall, more research is still needed to reach a firm conclusion.

When to talk to a doctor: The information and studies available so far have shown that there is no evidence that the COVID-19 vaccine has a negative effect on male or female fertility. If you are hesitant about the vaccine or have concerns about your fertility, see your doctor. Doctors say that if you have been trying to conceive for 12 months without success, you should seek treatment. There is a need for awareness, not fear, about the vaccine.